英语中表示静态的介词和介词短语(

    三、英语中表示静态的介词和介词短语(prepositional phrase)

    例1:局势我们已经控制住了。

    The situation is under control now.

    例2:我们这儿没头儿，所以事故很多。

    There have been many accidents because no one is in charge here.

    例3:这个节目今天晚上8:00到9:00播出。

    The program will be on from 8:00 to 9:00 tonight.

    例4:这儿到底是谁指挥?是你还是我?

    Who is in command here?You or I?

    例5:等考试卷子交齐了，我就告诉你们答案。

    I will tell(show)you the answers when all the papers are in.

    例6:这种产品脱销多久了?是去年年底开始的吗?

    How long has this product been in short supply?Since the end of last year?

    例7:他同我的一位朋友结婚了，是三年前结的婚。

    He is married to a friend of mine.They got married three years ago.

    例8:收音机开着有多久了?谁开的?

    How long has the radio been on?Who turned it on?

    例9:消防队员花了三天三夜才把火势控制住。

    It took the firefighters three days and nights to bring the fire under control.

    例10:暖气来了已经三个钟头了，可是屋子里还是冷飕飕的。

    The central heating has been on for three hours，but it is still chilly in the room.

    例11:有五家工厂关闭。如果经济情况不好转，这些工厂还得关下去。

    Five factories have closed down.If the economy doesn't pick up，they will remain closed .

    例12:我三点钟就醒了，一直醒到天亮。

    I woke up at three a.m.and remained awake until daybreak.

    例13:这些人负责这项工作，他们都受过良好的教育。

    They are in charge of this project(program，work);they are all welleducated.

    例14:你结婚的年龄同你所说的结婚年份不符。说实话，你到底结婚多久了?

    The age when you got married doesn't agree with the year you said you got married.Tell me the truth，—how long have you been married?

    翻译动态与静态时出现的难点仍然要归因于英汉语言的形合与意合的结构的不同。判断汉语是动态还是静态，需要充分理解汉语不必明说的“字里行间”的意思。用英语明确表示这两种状态，则需要熟练的表达方式或技巧。这两种能力源自对汉语和英语不同的思维方式、表达习惯的掌握。熟能生巧，这两种能力的培养自然离不开平时的观察和练习。

    思考题

    1.在表示静态和动态时，最大的难点在哪里?

    2.用英语表达静态状况时，主要用哪些语法手段代替汉语原文里的动词?