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语言学术语的汉英对照

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语言学术语的汉英对照

    语言学术语的汉英对照

    第一章

    交际        communication

    信号        signal

    信息        information

    编码        encode

    解码        decode

    变项        variable

    常项        constant

    任意性       arbitrariness

    声音意象      sound image

    概念        concept

    象似符       icon

    直示符       index

    象征符       symbol

    象似性       iconicity

    理据        motivation

    自然主义      naturalism

    规约主义      conventionalism

    声音象征      sound symbolism

    拟声造字      onomatopoeia

    语言习得机制    language acquisition device

    天赋假设      innateness hypothesis

    语言习得      language acquisition

    语言学习      language learning

    类比主义      analogism

    变异主义      anomalism

    直线性       linearity

    生成性       generativeness/generativity

    排列组合      permutation

    偶然空隙      accidental gap

    双重性       double articulation/duality of structure

    离散性       discreteness

    习得性       learnability

    普遍语法      universal grammar

    普遍原则      universal principle

    参数        parameter

    意象图式      image schema

    容器图式      container schema

    置换性       displacement

    符号学(意义学)  semiotics

    共时分析      synchronic analysis

    历时分析      diachronic analysis

    规范语法      prescriptive grammar

    描写语法      descriptive grammar

    能指        signifier

    所指        signified

    聚合        paradigmatic

    组合        syntagmatic

    语言能力      linguistic competence

    语言行为      linguistic performance

    第二章

    音素        phone

    音位        phoneme

    语音学       phonetics

    音系学       phonology

    音标        phonetic symbol

    辨音符       diacritic

    送气音       aspirated speech sound

    声调语言      tonic language

    语音特征      phonetic feature

    心理表征      mental representation

    发音位置      place of articulation

    发音方式      manner of articulation

    元音        vowel

    辅音        consonant

    发音器       articulator

    语音自然类     natural class

    特征矩阵      feature matrix

    冗余特征      redundant feature

    变音        allophone

    互补分布      complementary distribution

    自由变体      free variation

    最小对立体     minimal pair

    区别特征      distinctive feature

    寄生音位      parasitic phoneme

    音系规则      phonological rule

    同化        assimilation

    第三章

    形位        morpheme

    形态学       morphology

    自由形位      free morpheme

    依附形位      bound morpheme

    派生形位      derivational morpheme

    屈折形位      inflectional morpheme

    前缀        prefix

    后缀        suffix

    语素        morph

    变素        allomorph

    第四章

    组合链       syntagmatic chain

    直线性       linearity

    成分分析      constituent analysis

    双切分法      binary cutting

    画框法       box method

    方括弧法      bracketing

    结构意义      structural meaning

    结构解歧      structural disambiguation

    发现程序      discovering procedure

    直接成分      immediate constituent

    最终成分      ultimate constituent

    中间成分      intermediate constituent

    底朝上       bottom-up

    顶向下       top-down

    替代        substitution

    结构        construction/structure

    内向        endocentric

    外向        exocentric

    重写规则      rewrite rule

    标准理论      standard theory

    短语结构规则    phrase structure rule

    词库        lexicon

    观察充分性     observational adequacy

    描写充分性     descriptive adequacy

    解释充分性     explanatory adequacy

    普遍语法      universal grammar

    次范畴化      subcategorization

    转换        transformation

    词项插入规则    lexicalization rule

    深层结构      deep structure

    核心句       kernel sentence

    范畴语法      categorial grammar

    X-加标句法     X-bar syntax

    第五章

    命名说       nomenclaturism

    概念说       conceptualism

    行为说       behaviorism

    心灵说       mentalism

    象征单位      symbolic unit

    语义组构      semantic composition(ality)

    语义投射      semantic projection

    命题        proposition

    指称        reference

    隐喻        metaphor

    概念框架      conceptual frame

    内涵        intension

    价值        value

    元语言       metalanguage

    分解语义学     decompositional semantics

    循环定义      vicious circle

    外延        extension

    义素        sememe

    蕴含        entailment

    意义伴影      meaning umbra

    多义现象      polysemy

    充分条件      sufficient condition

    必要条件      necessary condition

    意义公设      meaning postulate

    概念网络      conceptual network

    基本范畴      basic category

    民俗理论      folk theory

    理想化       idealization

    认知结构      cognitive structure

    体验主义哲学    experientialism

    范畴化       categorization

    客观主义哲学    objectivism

    境况语义学     situation semantics

    心理空间理论    mental space theory

    基本范畴      basic category

    上义成分      super-ordinate term

    下义成分      hyponymic term

    原型性       proto-typicality

    属性        attribute

    认知语义学     cognitive semantics

    概念化       conceptualization

    有标性       markedness

    认知模型      cognitive model

    上下义关系     hyponymy

    部分与整体关系   meronymy

    语义先设      semantic presupposition

    规约含义      conventional implicature

    调节原则      principle of accommodation

    窄域否定      narrow scope negation

    宽域否定      wide scope negation

    语义和句法的界面  semantic-syntactic interface

    回指        anaphora

    语义角色      semantic role

    义元        theta-role

    义元网络      thematic grid

    论元        argument

    第六章

    语境        context

    意图        intention

    言语行为      speech act

    表述句       constative

    施为句       performative

    会话含义      conversational implicature

    非自然意义     meaning-nn

    一般含义      generalized implicature

    特殊含义      particularized implicature

    推理        inference

    间接言语行为    indirect speech act

    礼貌准则      maxim of politeness

    辐射范畴化     radial categorization

    正负文化迁移    positive or negative cultural transfer

    关联理论      relevance theory

    显义        explicature

    认知语境      cognitive context

    互相显现      mutual manifestness

    论证逻辑      demonstrative logic

    肯定前件推理    modus ponens

    明示交际      ostensive communication

    草案        script

    否定后件推理    modus tollens

    致使结构      causative structure

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