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《致云雀》

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《致云雀》

    Hail to thee, blithe Spirit

    Bird thou never wert

    That from Heaven, or near it

    Pourest thy full heart

    In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.

    Higher still and higher

    From the earth thou springest

    Like a cloud of fire

    The blue deep thou wingest

    And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.

    In the golden lightning

    Of the sunken sun

    Oer which clouds are brightning

    Thou dost float and run

    Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.

    The pale purple even

    Melts around thy flight

    Like a star of Heaven

    In the broad daylight

    Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight

    Keen as are the arrows

    Of that silver sphere

    Whose intense lamp narrows

    In the white dawn clear

    Until we hardly see--we feel that it is there.

    All the earth and air

    With thy voice is loud.

    Aswhen night is bare.

    From one lonely cloud

    The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.

    What thou art we know not

    What is most like thee

    From rainbow clouds there flow not

    Drops so bright to see

    As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.

    Like a poet hidden

    In the light of thought

    Singing hymns unbidden

    Till the world is wrought

    To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not

    Like a high-born maiden

    In a palace tower

    Soothing her love-laden

    Soul in secret hour

    With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower

    Like a glow-worm golden

    In a dell of dew

    Scattering unbeholden

    Its aerial hue.

    Like a rose embowered

    In its own green leaves

    By warm winds deflowered

    Till the scent it gives

    Makes faint with too much sweet these heavy-winged thieves.

    Sound of vernal showers

    On the twinkling grass

    Rain-awakened flowers

    All that ever was

    Joyousand clearand freshthy music doth surpass.

    Teach ussprite or bird

    What sweet thoughts are thine

    I have never heard

    Praise of love or wine

    That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.

    Chorus hymeneal

    Or triumphal chaunt

    Matched with thine, would be all

    But an empty vaunt

    A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.

    What objects are the fountains

    Of thy happy strain

    What fields, or waves, or mountains

    What shapes of sky or plain

    What love of thine own kindwhat ignorance of pain

    With thy clear keen joyance

    Languor cannot be

    Shadow of annoyance

    Never came near thee.

    Thou lovestbut ne'er knew love's sad satiety.

    Waking or asleep

    Thou of death must deem

    Things more true and deep

    Than we mortals dream

    Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream

    We look before and after

    And pine for what is not

    Our sincerest laughter

    With some pain is fraught

    Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

    Yet if we could scorn

    Hate and prideand fear

    If we were things born

    Not to shed a tear

    I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.

    Better than all measures

    Of delightful sound

    Better than all treasures

    That in books are found

    Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground

    Teach me half the gladness

    That thy brain must know

    Such harmonious madness

    From my lips would flow

    The world should listen then, as I am listening now

    你好呵,欢乐的精灵!

    你似乎从不是飞禽,

    从天堂或天堂的邻近,

    以酣畅淋漓的乐音,

    不事雕琢的艺术,倾吐你的衷心。

    向上,再向高处飞翔,

    从地面你一跃而上,

    像一片烈火的青云,

    掠过蔚蓝的天心,

    永远歌唱着飞翔,飞翔着歌唱。

    地平线下的太阳,

    放射出金色的电光,

    晴空里霞蔚云蒸,

    你沐浴着明光飞行,

    似不具形体的喜悦刚开始迅疾的远征。

    淡淡的绛紫色黄昏,

    在你的航程周围消融,

    像昼空的一颗星星,

    虽然,看不见形影,

    却可以听得清你那欢乐的强音——

    那犀利明快的乐音,

    似银色星光的利剑,

    它那强烈的明灯,

    在晨曦中逐渐暗淡,

    直到难以分辨,却能感觉到就在空间。

    整个大地和大气,

    响彻你婉转的歌喉,

    仿佛在荒凉的黑夜,

    从一片孤云背后,

    明月射出光芒,清辉洋溢宇宙。

    我们不知你是什么

    什么和你最为相似?

    从霓虹似的彩霞,

    也难降这样美的雨,

    能和随你出现降下的乐曲甘霖相比。

    像一位诗人,

    隐身在思想的明辉之中。

    吟诵着即兴的诗韵,

    直到普天下的同情,

    都被未曾留意过的希望和忧虑唤醒。

    像一位高贵的少女,

    居住在深宫的楼台,

    在寂寞难言的时刻,

    排遣为爱所苦的情怀,

    甜美有如爱情的歌曲溢出闺阁之外。

    像一只金色的萤火虫,

    在凝露的深山幽谷,

    不显露出行止影踪,

    把晶莹的流光传播,

    在遮断我们视线的鲜花芳草丛中。

    像被她自己的绿叶

    荫蔽着的一朵玫瑰,

    遭受到热风的摧残,

    直到它的馥郁芳菲

    以过浓的香甜使鲁莽的飞贼沉醉。

    晶莹闪烁的草地,

    春霖洒落时的声息,

    雨后苏醒了的花蕾,

    称得上明朗、欢悦,

    清新的一切,都及不上你的音乐。

    飞禽或是精灵,

    有什么甜美的思绪在你心头?

    我从来没有听到过,

    爱情或是醇酒的颂歌,

    能够迸涌出这样神圣的极乐音流。

    是赞婚的合唱也罢,

    是凯旋的欢歌也罢,

    和你的乐声相比,

    不过是空洞的浮夸,

    人们可以觉察到,其中总有着贫乏。

    什么样的物象或事件,

    是你那欢歌的源泉?

    田野、波涛或山峦?

    空中、陆上的形态?

    是对同类的爱,还是对痛苦的绝缘?

    有你明澈强烈的欢快,

    使倦怠永不会出现,

    烦恼的阴影从来

    接近不得你的身边,

    你爱,却从不知晓过分充满爱的悲哀。

    是醒来或是睡去,

    你对死亡的理解一定比

    我们凡人梦到的

    更加深刻真切,否则

    你的乐曲音流,怎么像液态的水晶涌泻?

    我们瞻前顾后,为了

    不存在的事物自忧,

    我们最真挚的笑,

    也交织着某种苦恼,

    我们最美的音乐,是最能倾诉哀思的曲调。

    可是,即使我们能摈弃

    憎恨、傲慢和恐惧,

    即使我们生来不会

    抛洒一滴眼泪,

    我们也不知,怎样才能接近于你的欢愉。

    比一切欢乐的音律,

    更加甜蜜美妙,

    比一切书中的宝库,

    更加丰盛富饶,

    这就是鄙弃尘土的你啊你的艺术技巧。

    教给我一半你的心

    必定是熟知的欢欣,

    和谐、炽热的激情

    就会流出我的双唇,

    全世界就会像此刻的我——侧耳倾听。

    

    《致云雀》是雪莱抒情诗不朽杰作之一。他以独特的艺术构思生动地描绘云雀的同时,也以饱满的激情写出了他自己的精神境界、美学理想和艺术抱负。

    诗中,诗人运用浪漫主义的手法,热情地赞颂了云雀。在诗人的笔下,云雀是欢乐、光明、美丽的象征。诗人运用比喻、类比、设问的方式,对云雀加以描绘。他把云雀比作诗人,比作深闺中的少女,比作萤火虫,使云雀美丽的形象生动地展现在读者的面前。诗人把云雀的歌声同春雨、婚礼上的合唱、胜利的歌声相比,突出云雀歌声所具有的巨大力量。诗歌节奏短促、轻快、流畅、激昂,节与节之间,环环相扣,层层推进,极具艺术感染力。

    雪莱诗中这一云雀形象,并不纯然是自然界中的云雀,而是诗人的理想自我形象或诗人理想的形象载体。诗人和云雀在许多方面都很相似:都追求光明,蔑视地面,都向往理想的世界。所不同的只是诗人痛苦地感到了理想与现实间的巨大差距,而这个差距对云雀是不存在的。从诗的整个调子中可以看出,雪莱虽感到理想遥远的痛苦,仍以不断飞升的积极情调去超越感伤。诗歌在艺术表现上很见功力,文字洗练,节奏感强,风格清丽明快,而且文章有种雄浑磅礴、大开大阖而又圆融内敛的气势。诗歌充满活力和锐气,有一种前进的力量。

    雪莱十分重视艺术的社会意义,认为艺术的创造是根据正义和美的原则来促进生活的改造。诗人渲染高尚的情操,是为了引起读者普遍的激动,抒写对于美德的渴望,是为了唤醒人们对于卑劣欲念不能相容的强烈感情。他说:“一首伟大的诗,是永远泛溢着智慧与快感之流的不竭源泉。”《致云雀》几乎体现和容纳了雪莱诗论的全部要点。

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